Oncology

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Overview

The Oncology Research Area has been composed by nine groups addressing main unsolved issues in cancer. The research during this period covered the fields of child and adolescent cancer, melanoma, gynecology, urology, cancer stem cells and the molecular mechanisms of the tumor pathologies. There were also three groups from the CIBBIM-Nanomedicine. These groups studied the use of nanotechnology in biomedical applications to improve therapeutic strategies and diagnostics. During the last years the Area has been very active at shared activities such as the virtual AACR yearly meeting, the internal and external ONCO-VHIR seminars and the organization of other periodic topic-based workshops and leisure and team-building activities. This year the Area also organized a World Cancer Day event to get closer to the society. During the mentioned period most groups of the Area have participated in the In-Campus multidisciplinary Task Force Groups for different tumors (gastric, prostate, melanoma, ginecology etc. with the specialized pathologist also involved) that have been fueled by VHIR-VHIO-Hospital. It is also noteworthy the shared scientific production in terms of publications between different groups of the Area and the stable collaborations between groups that have consolidated during these period.

Publications

141
total
748
impact factor
5.30
average impact factor

Group Leader: Matilde Esther LLeonart Pajarín

One of the major findings of 2019 is that the combination of antibiotics and hydroxichloroquine (HCQ) are very effective for the treatment of resistant cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) of the most aggressive breast tumors type (Triple-negative). Such combination was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo (animal models). The dual strategy lies in the fact that while antibiotics are effective in reducing the tumor, they produce ROS accumulation and consequently autophagy. The combination with HCQ prevents autophagy from becoming a survival mechanism in these cells.

On the other hand, we have discovered that the activation of autophagy is an essential tool used by both certain types of cancer cells to acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, thus becoming resistant cells or CSCs. We have also observed the activation of autophagic proteins in a subgroup of patients with laryngeal cancer. In particular lower LC3 expression (by IHC) correlates with better survival in supraglottic tumors.

VHIR Annual Report 2019